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The
Growing Importance of Atatürk
By M.Orhan
Tarhan
Without a doubt, Atatürk is a uniquely great leader and statesman,
but his importance has not been fully appreciated outside Turkey until
several years ago. At his death in 1938, Europe honored him mainly
as a great soldier and statesman. His modernization of Turkey was
superficially recognized, but probably never fully understood, except
perhaps by a few scholars such as Bernard Lewis.
Truly great men
are like good wine. Their influence on the World gets better with time.
So was it with Atatürk.
All the isms that
started after World War I, such as German National Socialism and Italian
Fascism, disappeared after World War II. We had to wait until1989 to
see communism crumble.
During all this
time, from post-WWI ideas only the principles of Atatürk survived.
The Western press was dazzled by the splendor of Hitler's and Mussolini's
ceremonies, until WWII revealed their true nature. The West was also
fooled by the promises of communism until the huge Soviet Union disintegrated
from its own inefficiency. Only Atatürk's ideas and his Turkish
Republic survived until today. It took the West quite a long time to
realize that, but realize it finally did.
After 1950, the
"Democrats" in Turkey and their second and thirdresurrections after
military takeovers proceeded to systematically dismantle Atatürk's
religious reforms.
Politicians disregarded
the constitution and we arrived at 1997 when Turkey is governed by a
coalition, the senior partner of which is Islamist. Ironically, this
reactionary trend did not weaken Atatürk's influence in Turkey.
To the contrary, it reinforced it. Atatürk's secularism became
the foremost opponent of political Islam. More than ever, Atatürk
became a sort of flag, a symbol of modernity, rationalism, and religious
tolerance. Today one can hardly read any article in a Turkish main stream
newspaper, in which Atatürk's name is not mentioned.
In this country,
until a few years ago, very few people had ever heard of Atatürk.
Today we can hardly read any Western report on Turkey in which his name
is not mentioned. What caused this change? The rise of the Iranian Islamic
theocracy with all its religious proselytizing and terrorism focused
the World's attention in Atatürk's secularist democracy in 98 %
Moslem Turkey. U.S. foreign policy started to use this secularist democracy
as a desirable model for all Moslem nations. Thus, a great curiosity
and interest in Atatürk began to be born in this country about
three or four years ago.
This interest was
culminated with the famous TV talk of Newt Gingrich, the Speakerof the
House of Representatives, in which he praised the ideas and methods
of Atatürk and added that many times he used these methods himself
successfully. In an interview, he said that Atatürk was one of
the most important people who had an influence on him. This news, of
course, created a curiosity among many of his colleagues in Congress
who too wanted to know more about this Atatürk who had so much
influence on the Speaker.
Around that time,
there was a realization in the minds of many Turkish Americans that
the time was ripe for starting an Atatürk Society in Washington.
Mr. Hudai Yavalar called many of his friends and THE ATATÜRK SOCIETY
OF AMERICA was started early in 1995. The official opening was on May
19, 1995 in a magnificent banquet at Ritz Carlton Hotel in Washington,
DC. For the first time an "Atatürk Price For Peace and Democracy"
was awarded to a distinguished American. Senator Robert Byrd of West
Virginia, (Dem.) a great friend of Turkey, received the award.
He made a key-note
address that was a gem of oratory, in which he established parallels
and similarities between Thomas Jefferson's separation of state and
church and Atatürk's secularism. The second such price was awarded
in May 1996 to Mr. Richard C. Holbrooke who had been at the interface
of the United States and Turkish foreign policies.
Two years in a row,
the ASA had a panel discussion in the American University on "Rising
Fundamentalism in Turkey." In this year's meeting, on April 6, we discussed
the true nature of fundamentalism and its danger for the U.S. with Dr.
George Harris and Mr. Alan Makovsky, two experts of U.S. foreign policy
towards Turkey, both former State Department employees. We were glad
to learn from them, that Atatürk's secular democracy is now a U.S.
foreign policy criterion.
Finally, we had
been trying to build on the friendship born with the ANZACs, or Australians
and New Zealanders, after the Dardanelles War (The ANZACs call it the
"Gallipoli War"). The Dardanelles have become a place of pilgrimage
for those two nations, because their nationhoods were born there. [See
ASA Activities] This year we were invited to participate in the ANZAC
Day remembrance at the National Cathedral in Washington DC. The Australian
Ambassador to the United States, His Excellency Andrew S. Peacock talked
about the "Gallipoli War" and the role a young Turkish officer by the
name of Mustafa Kemal played in it. He praised his excellent military
skills as well as his humanity, by mentioning the famous address to
the mothers of ANZAC dead. [See ASA activities for the text] He read
that address in the huge cathedral. When he was finished there were
quite a few wet eyes.
It was the first
time in the history of mankind any victor was so generous to his adversaries,
to the point of accepting their dead as "our own sons." Among the ANZACs
everyone knew that address.
No wonder they had
duplicated the same monument bearing that address in ANZAC Cove at the
Dardanelles, also in Atatürk Parks in Australia and New Zealands.
There is a curious
coincidence: The construction of the Washington Cathedral began just
about the time Atatürk started the Turkish Independence War. It
was built stone by stone in 73 years and was completed only a few years
ago. As The Washington Cathedral rose slowly toward the sky, the Independence
War was won and the Turkish Republic was slowly built into a secular
and democratic state. Who would have thought that there would be an
Atatürk Society of America at the end of the 20th Century, with
representatives participating in a ceremony in this cathedral? Who would
have thought that 63 years after he pronounced them, Atatürk's
words would resound in that magnificent Gothic cathedral in America,
bringing a distinguished international audience to the brink of shedding
tears? Who would have thought that these words would be spoken, of all
peoples, by the grand son of an Australian fighter of 1915? That grand
son became his country's Ambassador to the United States. It seems to
me that after sharing their war dead, in the same spirit, now ANZACs
and Turks are sharing Atatürk.
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